H3381. yarad

יָרַד‎₃₈₀ verb come or go down, descend (Late Hebrew id.; MI³² וארד‎ and רד‎; Assyrian arâdu, Dl^{HWB 240}; Arabic come to, arrive at, also descend; Ethiopic descend; Sabean ורד‎ and הורד‎ id., DHM in MV) —

Qal₃₀₆ Perfect יָרַד‎ Exodus 19:18 +; יְרַד‎ Judges 5:13 (twice in verse) (but read יָרַד‎ or יֵרֵד‎); רַד‎ 19:11 (read יָרַד‎), etc.; Imperfect יֵרֵד‎ Genesis 42:38 +; וַיֵּ֫רֶד‎ 11:5 +; וַיֵּרַ֑ד‎ 2 Samuel 22:10 2t.; 3 feminine singular (אֵשׁׅ תֵּ֫רֶד‎ 2 Kings 1:10, 12; תּרַד‎ Jeremiah 13:17; Lamentations 3:48; תֵּדֵֿ֔‎ Isaiah 34:5; 63:14; תֵּרֵ֑ד‎ Ezekiel 26:11 (יוֺרִיד‎ Vrss Co); וַתֵּ֫רֶד‎ Genesis 24:16 7t.; 2 masculine singular תֵּרֵד‎ 26:2 5t. + 1 Samuel 20:19, where read תִּמָּקֵד‎ We Dr., compare ᵑ7 ᵑ6 ᵐ5‎; 1 singular אֵרֵד‎ Genesis 37:35 3t.; וָאֵרֵד‎ Exodus 3:8 3t.; cohortative אֵרְדָהנָֿא‎ Genesis 18:21; יֵרְדוּ‎ 1 Samuel 13:12 4t.; וַיֵּרְדוּ‎ Genesis 42:3 19t.; 3 feminine plural תֵּרַדְנָה‎ Jeremiah 14:17 2t.; 1 plural נֵרֵד‎ Genesis 43:5; cohortative נֵרְדָה‎ 11:7 2t.; וַנֵּ֫רֶד‎ 2 Kings 10:13; Imperative רֵד‎ Exodus 19:21 +; רְדָה‎ Genesis 45:9; Ezekiel 32:19; רֵ֑דָה‎ 2 Kings 1:9, 11; feminine singular רְדִי‎ Jeremiah 48:18; Isaiah 47:1; masculine plural רְדוּ‎ Genesis 42:2 5t.; Infinitive absolute יָרֹד‎ 43:20; construct רֶ֫דֶת‎ 44:26 +; (מֵ)רְדָה‎ 46:3 (see Kö^{i. 402}); suffix רִדְתִּי‎ Psalm 30:10, etc. (in 30:4 read Kt מִיּוֺרְדֵי‎, so ᵑ6 ᵐ5‎ Che Bae, see Ol^{§§ 160 b, 245d}); Participle יוֺרֵד‎ Judges 9:36 +; feminine singular יֹרְדָה‎ Lamentations 1:16; (הַ)יֹּרֶ֫דֶת‎ Ecclesiastes 3:21; 1 Samuel 25:30, etc.; —

1. a. come or go down: from (מִן‎) a mountain Exodus 19:14; 32:1, 15 (all E), 34:29 (twice in verse) (JE), Deuteronomy 9:15; 10:5; Numbers 20:28 (P) +; absolute Exodus 19:21, 24 (J), 19:25 (J; with אֶל‎ person); from the air, of birds, followed by עַל‎ Genesis 15:11 (JE).

b. go down (usually from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle, absolute Judges 5:14; followed by לָעֵמֶק‎ 1:34; followed by לַשְּׁעָרִים‎ 5:11; followed by אֶל‎ 5:10; 5:11, compare 1 Samuel 17:8 (followed by אֶל‎ person); followed by לִקְרַאת‎ Judges 7:24; followed by אַחֲרֵי‎ person 1 Samuel 14:36; followed by ב‎ location Judges 7:9; וְנִסְמָּה יֵרֵד בַּמִּלְחָמָה‎ 1 Samuel 26:10, compare 29:4; 30:24; of single combat, בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט אֵלָיו וַיַּרֶד‎ 2 Samuel 23:21 = 1 Chronicles 11:23.

c. go down to (accusative) threshing-floor, Ruth 3:3, 5; (from David's palace) to Uriah's house (אֶל‎) 2 Samuel 11:9-10, (twice in verse); 11:13; from temple to (accusative) king's house Jeremiah 36:12 (+ הַסֹּפֵר עַללִֿשְׁכַּת‎); יְהוּדָח בֵּיתמֶֿלֶךְ רֵד‎ 22:1, etc.

d. go down (absolute) from Palestine to Egypt Genesis 42:3 (E), 42:38 (J) + 6 t. J E; followed by אֵלַי‎ 45:9 (E); followed by מִעְרַ֫יְמָה‎ 46:3-4, (E), 12:10; 26:2 (both J), Numbers 20:15 (JE); followed by מִצְרֵיִם‎ Joshua 24:4 (E), Genesis 43:15 (J), Isaiah 30:2; 31:1; 52:4; followed by שָׁמָּה‎ Genesis 42:2 (E) ; so to Philistine cities Judges 14:19; 16:31; 1 Samuel 13:20; Amos 6:2.

e. from Jerusalem, absolute Judges 1:9; 1 Kings 1:25; Nehemiah 6:3; 2 Chronicles 20:16 (to battle); to Jezreel 2 Kings 8:21 = 9:26 2 Chronicles 22:6; to Samaria 1 Kings 22:2 2 Chronicles 18:2; (to Gihon) 1 Samuel 1:38, etc.

f. from altar הַחַטָּאת מֵעֲשׂוֺת ירד‎ Leviticus 9:22 (P); from chariot, with מֵעַל‎ Judges 4:15; from ass, with מֵעַל‎ 1 Samuel 25:23; from throne, with מֵעַל‎ Ezekiel 26:16, absolute Isaiah 47:1, compare מִכָּבוֺד רְדִי‎ Jeremiah 48:18; from ships, with מִן‎ Ezekiel 27:29; from bed, with מִן‎ 2 Kings 1:4, 6, 16 (all opposed to עלה‎).

g. go down הָעַ֫יְנָה‎ Genesis 24:16, 45 (J); followed by הַיְאֹר עַל לִרְחֹץ‎ Exodus 2:5 (E), compare (absolute) 2 Kings 5:14; followed by accusative הַסֶּלַע‎ 1 Samuel 23:25; הַיָּם יוֺרְדֵי‎ Isaiah 42:10; בָּאֳנִיּוֺת הַיָּם יוֺרְדֵי‎ Psalm 107:23; absolute (into pit or well) 2 Samuel 23:30 = 1 Chronicles 11:22, followed by שָׁם‎ (i.e. בְּאֵר‎) 2 Samuel 17:18. וְיָרַדְתִּי֯‎ Judges 11:37, read וְרַדְתִּי‎ (√ רוד‎, wander about), RS in Bla.

h. = sink, in water כְּמוֺאָֿ֑בֶן בִמְצוֺלוֺת יָָֽרְדוּ‎ Exodus 15:5 (song in E); יָרַדְתִּי הָרַים לְקִצְבֵי‎ Jonah 2:7; more Generally, opposed to rising, בְקָעוֺת יֵָֽרְדוּ הָרִים יַעֲלוּ‎ Psalm 104:8 mountains rise, valleys sink; תְהוֺמוֺת יֵרְדוּ שָׁמַיִם יַעֲלוּ‎ 107:26.

i. go down to She'ôl: followed by שְׁא֫וֺלָה‎ Genesis 37:35 (J; + אֶלבְּֿנִי‎), Numbers 16:30, 33 (JE), Ezekiel 31:15, 17; followed by שְׁאוֺל‎ 32:27; Psalm 55:16; Job 7:6 (opposed to עלה‎); תֵּרַדְנָה שְׁאֹל בַּדֵּי‎ 17:16; absolute Isaiah 5:14; Ezekiel 32:19 ("" הָשְׁכְּבָה‎), 32:21; 32:30, Psalm 49:15 (followed by אַחֲרָיו‎); עֲרֵלִים יָָֽרְדוּ‎ Ezekiel 32:24; followed by שַׁחַת‎ Job 33:24, אֶלשַֿׁחַת‎ Psalm 30:10; followed by בּוֺר‎ 30:4 Qr (Kt יורדי‎); אֶלאַֿבְנֵיבֿוֺר יוֺרְדֵי‎ Isaiah 14:19 ; בוֺר יוֺרְדֵי‎ Psalm 28:1; Ezekiel 26:20 (twice in verse) ("" תַּחְתִיּוֺת אֶרֶץ‎) + 11 t. (see בּוֺר‎); עָפָר יוֺרְדֵי‎ Psalm 22:30; דוּמָה יוֺרְדֵי‎ 115:17 ("" הַמֵּתִים‎); מָ֑וֶת יֹרְדֹת רַגְלֶיהָ‎ Proverbs 5:5, compare 7:27 ("" שְׁאוֺל דַּרְכֵי‎); note also לָאָרֶץ לְמִטָּה הִיא הַיּרֶדֶת הַבְּהֵמָה יוֺדֵעַר֗֗֗וּךְַ מִי‎ Ecclesiastes 3:21 (opposed to לְמָ֑עְלָה הִיא הָעֹלָה‎; read הַעֹלָה חֲיֹרדת,‎, with Vrss, see VB).

j. figurative בַּבֶּ֑כִי יֹרֵד‎ Isaiah 15:3 going down (dissolving) in tears ("" יְיֵלֵיל‎; compare 3c).

k. = be prostrated, absolute, of horses and riders Haggai 2:22, compare Isaiah 34:7, perhaps also Jeremiah 48:15; 50:27 (+ לַטָּ֑בַח‎); forest Isaiah 32:19; Zechariah 11:2; city Deuteronomy 20:20; Lamentations 1:9; wall Deuteronomy 28:52; nation מָ֑טָּה מַ֫טָּה תֵּרֵד‎ 28:43 (opposed to עלה‎); מַצֵּבוֺת‎ Ezekiel 26:11 + לָאָרֶץ‎ (where Co ויחרדו‎).

2 of divine manifestations: descend, of ׳י‎ in theoph. [ההר֑ על‎]׳י בָּאֵשׁ עָלָיו יָרַד‎ Exodus 19:11, 18 (E), 19:20 (J; הָהָר אֶלרֿאֹשׁ‎), compare Nehemiah 9:13; י ׳יֵרֵד עַלהַֿרצִֿיּוֺן לִצְבּאֹ צְבָאוֺת‎ Isaiah 31:4; absolute Genesis 11:5, 7; 18:21; Exodus 3:8 (all J), Numbers 11:17 (JE), 2 Samuel 22:10 = Psalm 18:10 (compare 144:5), Micah 1:3; Isaiah 63:19; 64:2; ׳י בֶּעָנָן וַיֵּרֶד‎ Exodus 34:5; Numbers 11:25, compare 12:5 (all J E); of pillar of cloud Exodus 33:9 (JE); וַיֵּרַ֓ד עָלָהשָֿׁמַיִם מִי‎ Proverbs 30:4; of angels on סֻלָּם‎; בּוֺ וְיֹרְדִים עֹלִים‎ Genesis 28:12 (E).

3 of inanimate things:

a. hail with עַל‎ person Exodus 9:19 (J); dew with עַל‎ location Numbers 11:9 (JE), Psalm 133:3; rain (as אָבָק‎ and עָפָר‎), followed by הַשָּׁמַיִם מִן‎ + על‎ person Deuteronomy 28:24, so in simile of future king עַלגֵּֿז כְּמָטָר יֵרֵד‎ Psalm 72:6; of גְּשֶׁם‎ and שֶׁלֶג‎, with הַשָּׁמַיִם מִן‎ Isaiah 55:10; manna (with עַל‎ location) Numbers 11:9 (JE); fire from (מִן‎) heaven 2 Kings 1:10 (twice in verse); 1:12 (twice in verse); 1:14; 2 Chronicles 7:1, absolute 7:3.

b. waters, flowing down מִןהָֿהָר הַיֹּרֵד הַנַּחַל‎ Deuteronomy 9:21, compare Joshua 3:13 (followed by מִלְמָ֑עָלָה‎), 3:16; followed by הָעֲרָבָה עַליַֿם‎ 3:16; עַלהָֿעֲרָבָה‎ Ezekiel 47:8; followed by מִן‎ 47:1.

c. tears, עֵינָ֑י יָָֽרְדוּ מַּלְגֵימַֿיִם‎ Psalm 119:36, and so Lamentations 3:48; also מַיִם יֹרְדָה עֵינִי‎ 1:16, and so Jeremiah 9:17; 13:17; 14:17 (compare also Isaiah 15:3, 1j).

d. of oil descending upon (על‎) beard, etc. Psalm 133:2 (twice in verse).

e. of shadow on dial 2 Kings 20:11 = Isaiah 38:8 (twice in verse).

f. of boundary going down (from or to a place) Joshua 16:3 (JE), elsewhere P, Numbers 34:11 (twice in verse); 34:12; Joshua 15:10; 16:7; 17:9; 18:13, 16.

g. come down, absolute of headdresses, in sign of humiliation Jeremiah 13:18.

h. pride of power Ezekiel 30:6.

i. of calamity י ׳מֵאֵת‎ Micah 1:12; יֵרֵד חֲמָסוֺ עַלדְֿקְדוֺ‎ Psalm 7:17; of sword descending on (על‎) Edom Isaiah 34:5.

j. figurative of words of talebearer; חַדְרֵיבָּֿ֑טֶן יָרְדוּ‎ Proverbs 18:8 = 26:22. — See also above 1k.

Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הוֺרִד‎ 2 Kings 16:17; וְהוֺרִיד‎ consecutive Amos 3:11 (We וְהוּרַד‎); 2 masculine singular וְהוֺרַדְתָּ֫‎ 1 Kings 2:9; 2feminine singular suffix הוֺרַדְתֵּנִי‎ Joshua 2:18 (see Baer^n. and Kö^{i. 412}); הוֺרִידוּ‎ 1 Samuel 6:15; Lamentations 2:10 etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיּוֺרֶד‎ Judges 7:5 5t. (+ 1 Kings 6:32 Klo, who reads וַיֹּרֶד‎ for וַיָּרֶד‎, see רדד‎); suffix יוֺרִידֵנִי‎ Obadiah 3; יוֺרִדֵהוּ‎ 1 Samuel 30:16; 1 Kings 17:23; וַיֹּרִדֵם‎ 18:40; 2masculine singular תּוֺרֵד וְלֹא‎ 2:6; suffix (הֲ)תוֺרִדֵנִי‎ 1 Samuel 30:15, תּוֺרִדֵם‎ Psalm 55:24 etc.; Imperative masculine singular הִוֺרֵד‎ Exodus 33:5 2t.; suffix הוֺרִדֵהוּ‎ Ezekiel 32:18; הוֺרִידֵמוֺ‎ Psalm 59:12; feminine singular הוֺרִידִי‎ Lamentations 2:18; masculine plural הוֺרִידוּ‎ Genesis 43:7, 11; suffix הוֺרִדֻהוּ‎ 44:21; Infinitive construct לְהוֺרִיד‎ 37:25; suffix הוֺרִדִי‎ Ezekiel 31:16; Participle מוֺרִיד‎ 1 Samuel 2:6; מֹרִיד‎ 2 Samuel 22:48; — cause to come or go down:

1. a. bring down (to Egypt), with accusative of person + שָׁ֫מָּה‎ Genesis 39:1 (J); + הֵ֫נָּה‎ 45:13 (E); + אֵלַי‎ 44:21; absolute 43:7; with accusative of thing 43:11; + מִצְרַ֫יְמָה‎ 37:25; absolute 43:22 (all J); from Canaan to desert Deuteronomy 1:25 (followed by אֵלֵינוּ‎); to (אֶל‎) Amalekites 1 Samuel 30:15 (twice in verse); absolute 30:16; bring down (object person or thing) אָלהַֿמַּיִם‎ Judges 7:4-5, אֶלנַֿ֫חַל‎ Deuteronomy 21:4; 1 Kings 18:40; יָ֫מָּה‎ 1 Kings 5:23; to Gaza (עַזָּ֫תָה‎) Judges 16:21; from Jerusalem to Gihon, with עַל‎ (Qr אֶל‎) 1 Kings 1:33; to valley of Jehosh. (אֶל‎) Joel 4:2; from (מִן‎) temple (to king's house) 2 Kings 11:19 2 Chronicles 23:20; from (מֵעַל‎) altar 1 Kings 1:53; from (מִן‎) upper chamber, followed by הַבַּ֫יְתָה‎ 17:23; from (מִן‎) the heavens Amos 9:2; Edom, from (מִן‎) nest in rocks Jeremiah 49:16; Obadiah 4; compare of Israel הַשָּׁמַיִם כְּעוֺף‎ Hosea 7:12; with accusative of limit (אֶרֶץ‎) Obadiah 3; bring down (from Babylon) into (בְּ‎) ships Isaiah 43:14 (see VB).

b. send down rain (הַגֶּשֶׁם‎) Ezekiel 34:26, compare Joel 2:23; = cause to flow down, object spittle, אֶלזְֿקָנוֺ רִירוֺ וַיּוֺרֶד‎ 1 Samuel 21:14; tears דִּמְעָה כַנַּחל הוֺרִידִי‎ Lamentations 2:18; water-streams מָ֑יִם כַּנְּהָרוֺת וַיּוֺרֶד‎ Psalm 78:16.

c. = lay prostrate, prostrate עֻזֵּךְ מִמֵךְ הוֺרִיד‎ Amos 3:11 (where however We reads וְהוּרַד‎), compare Proverbs 21:22; יוֺשְׁבִים כַּאבִּיר וְאוֺרִיד‎ Isaiah 10:13; of God's casting down peoples Psalm 56:8; Isaiah 63:6 (followed by לָאָרֶץ‎); תַּחְתֵּנוּ עַמִּים מוֺרִיד‎ 2 Samuel 22:48 (וַּיַּדְבֵּר‎ in "" Psalm 18:48); so perhaps Babylonians, like lambs, לִטְבֿוֺחַ‎ Jeremiah 51:40; so Psalm 59:12 (si vera lectio; וַהֲנִידֵמוֺ ᵑ6‎ make them vagabonds, see Lag^{Proph. Chald. (1872), xlviii.} VB Hup Now Che Bae Dr^{2 Samuel 15:20}).

d. bring down to She'ôl ׳י וַיָּ֑עַל׃ שְׁאוֺל מוֺרִיד וּמְחַיֶּ֑ה מֵמִית‎ 1 Samuel 2:6; followed by שְׁא(וֺ)ל‎ also 1 Kings 2:6, 9; followed by שְׁא֫וֺלָה‎ (object grey hair) Genesis 42:38; 44:29, 31 (all J); compare Ezekiel 26:30; Ezekiel 31:16; 32:18; followed by שַׁחַת לִבְאֵר‎ Psalm 55:24; לַשַּׁחַת‎ 28:8.

2 take down (from cart) 1 Samuel 6:15; the sea from upon (מֵעַל‎) the brazen oxen 2 Kings 16:17; corpse from (מִן‎) tree Joshua 8:29, and (מֵעַל‎) 10:27 (both J E); the מִשְׁכָּן‎ Numbers 1:51 (P); the מָּרֹכֶת‎ 4:5 (P); take off ornaments מֵעָלֶיךָ‎ Exodus 33:5 (JE).

3 let down עַליָֿדָהּ כַּדָּהּ וַתֹּ֫רֶד‎ Genesis 24:18, so, with מֵעָלֶיהָ‎ 24:46, to give one a drink; אָ֑רְצָה אֶתאַֿמְתַּחְתוֺ אִישׁ וַיּוֺרִדוּ‎ 44:11 (all J); object person Joshua 2:18, הַחַלּוֺן בְּעַד בַּחֶבֶל‎ 2:15 (both J E); הַחַלּוֺן בְּעַד‎ 1 Samuel 19:12; compare also יְרוּשָׁלִַם בְּתוּלֹת ראֹשָׁן לָאָרֶץ הוֺרִידוּ‎ Lamentations 2:10 the virgins of Jerusalem have bowed down their heads to the ground.

Hoph`al Perfect הוּרַד‎ Genesis 39:1-2t. + 1 Samuel 30:34 Kt (Qr

Qal Participle); וְהוּרַד‎ consecutive Zechariah 10:11; 2masculine singular וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫‎ Ezekiel 31:18; Imperfect2masculine singular תּוּרַד‎ Isaiah 14:15; —

1 be brought down מִצְרַ֫יְמָה‎ Genesis 39:1 (J); בַּמִּלְחָמָה‎ 1 Samuel 30:24 Kt (see above); to She'ôl גְּאוֺנֶ֖ךָ שְׁאוֺל הוּרַד‎ Isaiah 14:11 (of king of Babylon); אֶליַֿרְכְּתֵיבֿוֺר תּוּרַד אֶלשְֿׁאוֺל‎ 14:15; תַּחְתִּית אֶלאֶֿרֶץ וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫‎ Ezekiel 31:18; אַשּׁוּר גְּאוֺן וְהוּרַד‎ Zechariah 10:11. — In Amos 3:11 We reads ממך וְהוּרַד‎ (see

Hiph`il above)

2 be taken down, of the מִשְׁכָּן‎ Numbers 10:17 (P).