Lexical Summary chata: to miss, go wrong, sin Original Word: חָטָאTransliteration: chata Phonetic Spelling: (khaw-taw') Part of Speech: Verb Short Definition: to miss, go wrong, sin Meaning: to miss, to sin, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, lead astray, condemn Strong's Concordance bear the blame, cleanse, commit sin, by fault, harm he hath done, loss, missA primitive root; properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn -- bear the blame, cleanse, commit (sin), by fault, harm he hath done, loss, miss, (make) offend(-er), offer for sin, purge, purify (self), make reconciliation, (cause, make) sin(-ful, -ness), trespass. Brown-Driver-Briggs H2398. chata חָטָא238 verb miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic חֲטָא Assyrian —a‰û. ZimBP 46; Sabean החֿטא חֿטא, id., DHM in MV; Arabic do wrong, commit a mistake or an error; II. make to miss the mark; IV. miss the mark, miss the way; Ethiopic fail to find or have; sometimes sin, especially in derivatives) — Qal Perfect ׳ח Exodus 32:31 + 29: t., 3 feminine singular חָֽטְאָה Leviticus 5:15; Lamentations 1:8, חָטָֽאָה Jeremiah 50:14; Ezekiel 16:15, חָטָאת Exodus 5:16, etc., + 82 t. Perfect; Imperfect יֶחֱטָא Leviticus 4:3 12t., תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ Exodus 20:20; Psalm 4:5, etc. + 20 t. Imperfect; Infinitive חֲטֹא Ezekiel 3:21 8t., מֵחֲטוֺא Psalm 39:2, מֵחֲטוֺ (text error for מחטא) Genesis 20:6, בְּחֶטְאָה Numbers 15:28, חֲטאֹתוֺ Ezekiel 33:12 (strike out Co); Participle חוֺטֵא Proverbs 13:22 6t., חֹטֵא Isaiah 1:4; Ecclesiastes 9:2, חוֺטֶא Isaiah 65:20 2t., חֹטֶא Ecclesiastes 8:12, suffix חֹטְאִי Proverbs 8:36, plural חֹטִ֯אֿים 1 Samuel 14:33, suffix חֹטֵאת Ezekiel 18:4, 20; — 1 miss: תחטא לא thou shalt not miss anything Job 5:24, חוֺטֵא בְּרַגְּלַיִם אָץ Proverbs 19:2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal); חֹמֵסנַפְשׁוֺ חֹטְאִי 8:36 the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself (opposed to מֹצְאִי); miss, i.e. endanger, one's life 20:2; Habakkuk 2:10 according to De VB (others below 3 q. v.) 2 sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty: a. against man, absolute Exodus 5:16 (E), 1 Samuel 26:21; 2 Samuel 19:21; 1 Kings 18:9; 2 Kings 18:14; with לְ of the person against whom or towards whom one sins, Genesis 40:1 (E), Judges 11:27; 1 Samuel 2:25; 19:4; 24:12, 1 Kings 8:31 2 Chronicles 6:22; לך חטאתי מה wherein have I sinned against thee ? Genesis 20:9 (E) Jeremiah 37:18; with בילד תחטאו אל בְּ, Genesis 42:22 (E) do not sin against the lad, against David 1 Samuel 19:4-5,. b. elsewhere always against God, absolute Exodus 20:20 (E), 9:34 (J) Joshua 7:11 (D) Leviticus 4:3; 5:1, 11, 17 (twice in verse); Leviticus 5:21; Leviticus 5:23; Numbers 16:22 (P), Nehemiah 6:13; Job 1:5, 22; 7:20; 10:14; 24:19; 35:6; Psalm 4:5; 78:32; Isaiah 43:27; 64:4; Jeremiah 2:35; Lamentations 5:7; Ezekiel 3:21 (twice in verse); 16:51; 28:16; 33:12; Hosea 8:11 (strike out We Kl. Proph.) 8:11; 10:9; 13:2; חכי לחטא נתתי לא I have not permitted my palate to sin Job 31:30; Participle חֹטֵא, used as adjective, sinful nation Isaiah 1:4; sinful person Ezekiel 18:4, 20; but usually as noun, sinner Proverbs 11:31; 13:22; 14:21; Ecclesiastes 2:26; 7:26; 8:12; 9:2, 18; Isaiah 65:20. Sin is confessed: חָטָאנוּ we have sinned Numbers 14:40; 21:7 (E) Judges 10:15; 1 Samuel 12:10; 1 Kings 8:47 2 Chronicles 6:37; Nehemiah 1:6; Psalm 106:6; Lamentations 5:16; Daniel 9:5, 15; חטאתי I have sinned Exodus 9:27; Numbers 22:34 (J) 1 Samuel 15:24, 30; 2 Samuel 24:10, 17; 1 Chronicles 21:8, 17; Job 33:27. Sin is universal: יחטא לא אשׁר אדם אין there is no man who sinneth not 1 Kings 8:46 2 Chronicles 6:36, יחטא ולא טוב יעשׂה אשׁר בארץ צדיק אין אדם כי Ecclesiastes 7:20 for man there is none righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with לְ, against God Genesis 20:6 (E), 39:9 (J), Exodus 32:33; Numbers 32:33 (both J E), Deuteronomy 9:16; 20:18; 1 Samuel 2:25; 12:23; 14:33-34, 1 Kings 8:33, 35, 46, 50 2 Chronicles 6:24, 26, 36, 39; 2 Kings 17:7; Hosea 4:7; Micah 7:9; Zephaniah 1:17; Jeremiah 40:3; 44:23; 50:7, 14; Ezekiel 14:13; Isaiah 42:24; Job 8:4; Psalm 78:17; 119:11; Nehemiah 1:6; in confession ל חטאתי Exodus 10:16; Joshua 7:20 (J), 2 Samuel 12:13 Psalm 41:5; 51:6; ל חטאנו Deuteronomy 1:41; Judges 10:10; 1 Samuel 7:6; Jeremiah 3:25; 8:14; 14:7, 20; Daniel 9:8, 11; with בְּ of instrument, lips Job 2:10, tongue Psalm 39:2; wherein Ezekiel 37:23; Leviticus 4:23 (P), therein Leviticus 5:22 (P); ellipsis of בְּ in pharse ח אשׁר ׳עונם לי (their) iniquity wherein they sinned against me Jeremiah 33:8 (twice in verse); בשׁגגה by error, unwittingly Leviticus 4:2, 22, 27; 5:15; Numbers 15:27-28, (all P); against thy judgements Nehemiah 9:29; with עַל with regard to Leviticus 5:5; Numbers 6:11(P) Nehemiah 13:26; with cognate accusative ׳ח חֲטָאָה Exodus 32:30-31, (JE); ח ׳אשׁר חַטָּאת Numbers 12:11(J) Leviticus 4:3, 28 (twice in verse); 4:35; 5:6, 10, 13 (all P) 19:22 (twice in verse) (H), Deuteronomy 9:18; 1 Kings 14:16, 22; 15:30; 16:13, 19; 2 Kings 21:17; Ezekiel 18:24; 33:16; ח אשׁר ׳חטאת ל Jeremiah 16:10; Nehemiah 1:6; ח אשׁר ׳חטאת על Leviticus 4:14 (P); ח ׳חֵטְא Lamentations 1:8; ח ׳אשׁר חֵטְא Deuteronomy 19:15. 3 incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: הימים כל לך וחטאתי Genesis 43:9 I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days, compare 44:32 (J); with accusative נפשׁ חוֺטֵא for feiting oneself, one's life Proverbs 20:2; Habakkuk 2:10 according to most, yet see below 1 — ח אשׁר אשׁמו ׳והביא Leviticus 5:7 he shall bring his trespass-offering which he has incurred by sin; ח אשׁר ׳קרבנו 5:11; ישׁלּם ח אשׁר ׳את מןהֿקדשׁ 5:16 what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay. Pi`el Perfect חִטֵּא Leviticus 14:52; suffix חִטְּאוֺ Numbers 19:19, חִטֵּאתָ Exodus 29:36 2t.; 3 plural חִטְּאוּ Ezekiel 43:22 (twice in verse); Imperfect יַיְחַטֵּא Leviticus 8:15; suffix וַיְהַטְּאֵהוּ 9:15, תְּחַטְּאֵנִי Psalm 51:9, אֲחַטֶּנָּה Genesis 31:39, וַיְחַטְּאוּ2 Chronicles 29:24; Infinitive חַטֵּא Leviticus 14:49; Ezekiel 43:23; Participle הִמְחַטֵּא Leviticus 6:19; — 1 bear loss: אֲחַטֶּנָּה אָנֹכִי I bare the loss of it Genesis 31:39 (E; lit I let it be missing ? possibly read אֲחֻטּנה I was made to miss it ?). 2 make a sin-offering: with suffix referring to שׁעיר Leviticus 9:15 (P); to sin-offering 6:19 (P); המזבח על upon the altar Exodus 29:36 (P; not cleanse the altar RV); ׳ח המזבחה דמם את2 Chronicles 29:24 made a sin-offering with their blood on the altar. 3 purity from sin: the altar, by putting the blood of the sin-offering on its horns, Leviticus 8:15 (P), Ezekiel 43:20, 22 (twice in verse); 43:23; the sanctuary, by applying to it the blood of the sin-offering 45:18. 4 purity from uncleanness: the house of the leper by application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird Leviticus 14:49, 52 (P); a person, by application of then mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer Numbers 19:19 (P), by sprinkling with a hyssop spring Psalm 51:9. Hiph`il Perfect הֶחֱטִיא 1 Kings 14:16-17t., הֶחֶטִ֯י (Kt error for החטִיא) 2 Kings 13:6; suffix הֶחֱטִיאָם 17:21; plural הֶחֱטִיאוּ 1 Kings 16:13; Nehemiah 13:26; Imperfect יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16; 2 Kings 21:11; תַּחֲטִיא Deuteronomy 24:4; וַתַּחֲטִא 1 Kings 16:2; 21:22; plural יַחֲטִיאוּ Exodus 23:33; Infinitive הַחֲטִיא Ecclesiastes 5:5; 1 Kings 16:19; Jeremiah 32:35 (Qr), הַחֲ֯טִי 32:35 (Kt error); Participle plural construct מַחֲטִיאֵי Isaiah 29:21; — 1 miss the mark: יַחֲטִא וְלֹא אֶלהַֿשַּׂעְרָה בָּאֶבֶן קֹלֵעַ Judges 20:16 slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss. 2 induce or cause to sin: with accusative Exodus 23:33(JE), Nehemiah 13:26; elsewhere in the phrase ישׂראל את החטיא (he) caused Israel to sin 1 Kings 14:16; 15:26, 30, 34; 16:2, 13, 19, 26; 21:22; 22:53; 2 Kings 3:3; 10:29, 31; 13:2, 6, 11; 14:24; 15:9, 18, 24, 28; 23:15; with suffix reference to Israel 17:21; יהודה את 21:11, 16; Jeremiah 32:35 (sometimes with 2nd accusative — חטאת, or אשׁר reference to חטאת: — 1 Kings 15:26, 34; 16:26; 2 Kings 17:21; 21:16; peob. also 1 Kings 14:16; 15:30; 16:13; no 2nd accusative 16:2, 19; 21:22; 22:53; 2 Kings 21:11; 23:15; Jeremiah 32:35; the rest are ambiguous). 3 bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: אדם מחטיאי Isaiah 29:21 who bring a man into condemnation; הארץ את תחטיא לא Deuteronomy 24:4 thou shalt not bring the land into guilt; אתבֿשׂרך לחטיא אתפֿיך תתן אל Ecclesiastes 5:4 do not permit thy mouth to bring thy flesh into punishment. Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְחַטָּא Numbers 19:12 4t., יִתְחַטְּאוּ 8:21; יִתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Job 41:17, תִּתְחַטְּאוּ Numbers 31:19, תִּתְחַטָּ֑אוּ 31:20; — 1 miss oneself, lose oneself, figurative for be bewildered, beside oneself, יִתְחַטָּאוּ מִשְּׁבָרִים Job 41:17 by reason of consternation they are beside themselves ("" יגורו are afraid). 2 purity oneself from uncleanness, only in P: a. Levites Numbers 8:21. b. those in contact with thedead Numbers 19:12-13, 20; 31:19-20, with נִּדָּה בְּמֵי בְּ, 31:23; by a mixture of ashes of the red heifer with fresh water 19:12. |