H8034. shem

I. שֵׁם‎₈₆₄ noun masculine^{2 Samuel 7:9} name (√ unknown; Thes שׁמה‎, compare Ba^{ZMG xli (1887), 635}; Lag^{BN 160} ושׁם‎, Arabic brand, mark, compare RS^{K 213, 303 ff.} Kö^{ii. 1. 104}; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (especially הַשֵּׁם‎ = יהוה‎); Phoenician שם‎ Lzb³⁷⁷; Assyrian šumu; Sabean סם‎ Hom^{Chr 124}; Ethiopic Arabic , , , ; Aramaic שְׁמָא שֵׁם,‎, also שֻׁם שׁוּם,‎ (Kö^{ii. 1. 512}), , , Old Aramaic, Palmyrene שם‎ Lzb³⁷⁷); — absolute ׳שׁ‎ Genesis 6:4 +; construct ׳שׁ‎ 12:8 +, rarely שֶׁםֿ‎ 1 Samuel 8:2 +; suffix שְׁמִי‎ Exodus 3:15 +, שִׁמְךָ‎ Genesis 32:9 +, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ‎ 1 Kings 18:31 +, etc.; plural שֵׁמוֺת‎ (rarely שֵׁמֹת‎) Genesis 2:20 +; construct שְׁמוֺת‎ Exodus 6:16 +, suffix שְׁמוֺתָם‎ Numbers 13:4 +, שְׁמוֺתָן‎ Ezekiel 23:4 (twice in verse); — name:

1 of river Genesis 2:11, 13, 14, beasts 2:19; 2:20, city 26:33 (all J) +; ׳שׁ היּוֺם‎ Ezekiel 24:2, i.e. exact designation of it (+ הַיּ ׳אֶתעֶֿצֶם הַזֶּה‎).

2. a. usually of person: Genesis 4:17, 19 (twice in verse) (J) +; as significant 1 Samuel 25:25, compare Proverbs 21:24; especially in phrase אֶלְקָנָה וּשְׁמוֺ ֗֗֗ אִישׁ וַיְהִי‎ 1 Samuel 1:1, compare 9:1-2, Jeremiah 37:13 28t.; less often as שְׁמוֺ גָּלְיָת‎ 1 Samuel 17:4, compare Zechariah 6:12 5t. (compare in Assyrian Krae^{BAS i. 430}); frequently with קָרָא‎ (q. v. 6, and Niph`al 2, Pu`al; note here, שׁ ׳נִקְרָא עַל‎ in token of ownership 2 Samuel 12:28 (see Dr), Isaiah 4:1); rarely, אֲבִימֶלֶךְ אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ שִׂים‎ Judges 8:31, compare 2 Kings 17:34; Nehemiah 9:7; שׁ לָהֶם ׳וַיָּ֫שֶׂם‎ Daniel 1:7; with יֵאָמֵר‎ Genesis 32:29 (J); change of name is without verb, as 17:15 (P), or (usually) with יִהְיֶה‎ 35:10 (P) Israel shall be thy name. compare 17:5; 1 Kings 18:31; 1 Chronicles 22:9, also יְהו אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ ׳וַיַסֵּב‎ 2 Kings 23:34 2 Chronicles 36:4, compare 2 Kings 24:17, and (suj. ׳י‎) ׳שׁ אֶתֶּןלֿוֺ עוֺלָם‎ Isaiah 56:5; מַהשְּֿׁמֶ֑ךָ‎ Genesis 32:28, compare Exodus 3:13; Proverbs 30:4, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ מִית‎ Judges 13:17; be explicitly mentioned is: בְּשֵׁמוֺת וְכֻלָּם‎ Ezra 10:16, בְשׁ ׳נִקְּבוּ‎ Numbers 1:17; 1 Chronicles 16:41; 2 Chronicles 28:15; 31:10; Ezra 8:20, בְּשׁ ׳הַבָּאִים‎ 1 Chronicles 4:38, בְּשׁ ׳וַיָבזֹם‎ 4:41; of things, תִּקְדוּ וּבְשֵׁמוֺת‎ Numbers 4:32 (P), + 4:27 (read ᵐ5 בְּשֵׁמֹת‎ Di Baen Gray); בְּשֵׁם יְדַעְתִּיךָ‎ Exodus 33:12 (subject ׳י‎), i.e. acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), compare 33:17 (both J); ׳בְּשׁ ׳פ‎ as the representative of 1 Samuel 25:5, 9; 1 Kings 21:8; Jeremiah 29:25; Esther 2:22; 3:12; 8:8 (twice in verse); 8:10 (compare also 3).

b. = reputation; (1) שְׁמֶ֫ךָ וַאֲגַדְּלָה‎ Genesis 12:2 (J), בָּאָרֶץ שׁ לִךָ ׳וְעָשִׂתִי אֲשֶׁר הַגְּדֹלִים כְּשֵׁם גָּדוֺל‎ 2 Samuel 7:9; make oneself a name שׁ לָנוּ ׳וְנַעֲשֶׂח‎ Genesis 11:4 (J), שׁ לוֺ ׳וַיַּעַשׂ‎ 2 Samuel 8:13, of ׳י‎ Jeremiah 32:20, hence Nehemiah 9:10; Daniel 9:15; Isaiah 63:12, 14, so with שׂוּם‎ 2 Samuel 7:23 = 1 Chronicles 17:21; בְּ שֵׁם לָךְ ׳וַיֵּצֵא‎ Ezekiel 16:14 (compare 1 Chronicles 14:17), 2 Chronicles 26:15 עַדלְֿמֵרָחוֺק‎, 26:8 עַדלְֿ שְׁמוֺ ׳וַיֵּלֶךְ‎; 2 Samuel 23:18, 22; = fame, glory, Zephaniah 3:19-20, Ezekiel 39:13. — 34:29 read perhaps ᵐ5 שָׁלֹם‎ Siegf Be Toy; Co שָׁלֵם‎; Krae conjecture שָׁמֵן‎; הַשֵּׁם אַנְשֵׁי‎ Genesis 6:4 (J), Numbers 16:2 (J), שֵׁמוֺת אַנְשֵׁי‎ 1 Chronicles 5:24; 12:31 (van d. H. v.12:30); with negative בְלִישֵֿׁ‰ בְּנֵי‎ Job 30:3; (2) bad sense, רָ֑ע שֵׁם עָלָיהָ וְהוֺצִא‎ Dan 22:14; compare Dan 22:19; Nehemiah 6:13; = byword Ezekiel 23:10; ׳הַשּׁ טְמֵאַת‎ 22:5.

c. especially as giving a man kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons, שְׁמִי הַזְכֵּיר בֵּעֲבוּר בֵן אֵיןלִֿי‎ 2 Samuel 18:18, בְּ שֵׁם לְאָחִיו ׳לְהָקִים‎ Deuteronomy 25:7, compare 25:6; Ruth 4:5, 10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., Deuteronomy 25:6, compare Numbers 27:4 (P), Ruth 4:10, so that to destroy one's name = extirpate family (and שֵׁם‎ sometimes Is "" צֶרַע‎) 1 Samuel 24:22 (Gi v.24:21), 2 Samuel 14:7 ("" שְׁאֵרִית‎), so of peoples Deuteronomy 7:24; 9:14; 12:3; Isaiah 14:22 +; עוֺד מִשִּׁמְךָ יִוָּרַע לאֹ‎ Nahum 1:14 (of Nineveh); וְשִׁמְכֶם זַרְעֲכֶם יַעֲמֹד כֵּן‎ Isaiah 66:22; more abstract ("" זֵכֶר‎) Job 18:17; Proverbs 10:7.

3 name, as designation of God, specifically of ׳י‎ (especially Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isa^{2, 3}, Psalms): — first (in Hexateuch) in phrase ׳ק ׳בְּשׁ ׳י‎ Genesis 4:26 (J), call with, i.e. use the name ׳י‎ in worship, so 12:8; 13:4; 21:33; 26:35 + (see קרא‎

2c); hence, of place of worship, שָׁם מאתשְֿׁמִי אַוְּכִּיר אֲשֶׁר בְּכָלהַֿמָּקוֺם‎ Exodus 20:24 (Gi 20:21); שָׁם אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ‎ [לְשַׁכֵּן‎] לָשׂוּם‎ Deuteronomy 12:5, 11 +; לִשְׁמִי בַּיִת בָּנָה‎ 2 Samuel 7:13 + often; people come ׳לְשׁ ׳י‎ Joshua 9:9 (R^D), so שׁ ׳לְמֵעַן‎ 1 Kings 8:41 2 Chronicles 6:32; Isaiah 60:9; seek it Psalm 83:17; swear with ׳בְּשׁ ׳י‎ 1 Samuel 20:42; Deuteronomy 6:13; 10:20; Leviticus 19:12, compare (לַשָּׁוְא‎) Exodus 20:7 (twice in verse)=Deuteronomy 5:11 (twice in verse); ׳תָּפַשׁ ׳י‎ Proverbs 30:9; שְׁמִיעַלֿ נִקְרָא‎, etc., in token of ownership (compare 2a), Jeremiah 7:10 + ; = his reputation, fame, with לוֺ עָשָׁה‎, see 1b (1), compare Joshua 7:9; ׳בְּשׁ ׳י‎, i.e. as his representative Exodus 5:23 (J), 1 Samuel 17:45; Deuteronomy 10:8; 2 Samuel 6:18; 2 Kings 2:24 + (see

2a near the end); especially as embodying the (revealed) character of ׳י‎: ׳י שְׁמוֺ‎ Amos 5:8; 9:6; Jeremiah 33:2, לְעֹלָם שְּׁמִי וֶה‎ Exodus 3:15 (E; "" זֵכֶר‎; fundamental passage), 6:3 (P); ׳י שְׁמוֺ׳(א עְבָאוֺת )‎ Amos 4:13; 5:27; Jeremiah 10:16; 46:18 10t. Jeremiah, Isa², ׳י שְׁמוֺ קַנָּא‎ Exodus 34:14 (J; compare 20:5; Nahum 1:2), שׁ ׳קָדוֺשׁ‎ Isaiah 57:15, ׳שׁ‎ [וֺ‎] קָדְשִׁי‎ Amos 2:7; Ezekiel 39:7; 43:7; Psalm 103:1 + often; hence object of knowledge Isaiah 52:6; Jeremiah 48:17, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ יֹדְעֵי‎ Psalm 9:11 ("" דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ‎), love Isaiah 56:5, שׁ ׳אֹהֲבֵי‎ Psalm 5:12; Psalm 69:37; 119:132, fear 61:6, especially of praise, etc. (בֵּרַח הוֺדָה, הִןכִּיר, חִלֵּל,‎, etc.): אֲוַמֵּר לְשִׁמְךָ‎ 2 Samuel 22:50 ("" אוֺדְךָ‎ and so very often "" ׳י‎) = Psalm 18:50, compare 1 Chronicles 16:10; 29:13; Psalm 45:18; Isaiah 26:13; 1 Kings 8:33, 35 2 Chronicles 6:24, 26; Psalm 8:2; Psalm 8:10 +; ׳חָבוּלי שְׁמוֺ כְּבוֺד‎ 29:2; 96:8, and many comibinations; opposed to אֶתשֿׁ ׳חִלֵּל ׳א‎ Leviticus 18:21 +, שׁ ׳נקב ׳י‎ 24:16, שׁ ׳נִאֵץ‎ Psalm 74:10; 74:18, etc.; ׳הַשּׁ וְהַנּוֺרָא הַנִּכְבָּד‎ Deuteronomy 28:58, compare Nehemiah 1:11; שִׁמְךָ לְמַעַן‎, in appeals to ׳י‎ to act according to his character Jeremiah 14:7, 21; Ezekiel 20:9, 14; Isaiah 48:9; 66:5; Psalm 25:11; 31:4 +; ׳שׁ ׳י‎ is powerful agent, הוֺשִׁיעֵנִי בְּשִׁמְךָ‎ 54:3 ("" בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ‎), compare 124:8; of ׳י י, ׳מַלְאַךָ‎ says בְּקִרְבּוֺ שְׁמִי‎ Exodus 23:21 (E); הַשֵּׁם‎ Leviticus 24:11 is probably scribal substitution for word ׳י‎ (already beginning to be thought ineffable, especially with וַיִקֹּב‎ compare Gei^{Urschr.273 f.} Di Dr-Wh Baen); on development of this usage, and Jewish use of ׳הַשּׁ‎ as personified or hypostasis, see Levy^{NHWB under the word} Jastr^s.see — שְׁמֶ֑ךָ קָרוֺב‎ Psalm 75:2 is striking, but doubtful, < ᵐ5‎ Dy Che Gr Hup-Now שׁ ׳קֹרְאֵי‎, Du בִשׁ ׳קָרָנוּ‎ (= קָרָאנוּ‎).

4 of false gods, use forbidden Exodus 23:13 (E), Joshua 23:7 (R^D), compare Hosea 2:19; Psalm 16:4;speak אחרים אלהים בְּשֵׁם‎ Deuteronomy 18:20; בְשׁ ׳קָרָא ׳א‎ 1 Kings 18:24-25, 26; בְשׁ ׳יֵלְכוּ ׳א‎ Micah 4:5.

5 = memorial, monument Isaiah 55:13 ("" אוֺת‎; so Che Du > = fame Di-Kit), וגו מִבָּנִים ׳טוֺב וָשֵׁם יָד‎ 56:5 (with word-play on ׳שׁ‎ 1c).

שֻׁם‎ noun masculine name (see Biblical Hebrew שֵׁם‎); — construct ׳שׁ‎ Ezra 5:1 +; suffix שְׁמֵהּ‎ Daniel 2:20 +; plural construct שְׁמָהָת‎ Ezra 5:4, suffix תְהֹם‎- 5:10; — name, of divinity: Daniel 2:20; 4:5; Ezra 5:1; 6:12; of a man: Daniel 2:26; 4:15; 4:16; 5:12 (all Daniel), Ezra 5:4, 10 (twice in verse) also 5:14, with which compare S-C^{K 4, 5, s f., 12 f}.