H2205. zaqen

זָקֵן‎ adjective old, absolute ׳ז‎ Genesis 19:4 30t. (on distinction from verb see above); construct זְקַן‎ 24:2; plural זְקֵנִים‎ 18:11 44t.; זְקֵנוֺת‎ Zechariah 8:4; construct זִקְנֵי‎ Genesis 50:7 85t.; suffix זְקֵנַי‎ Lamentations 1:19, זְקֵנֶיךָ‎ Deuteronomy 21:2; 32:7, זְקֵנָיו‎ Joshua 8:33 3t., זְקֵנֶיהָ‎ Judges 8:14, זְקֵנֵינוּ‎ Exodus 10:9; Joshua 9:11, זִקְנֵיכֶם‎ Deuteronomy 5:20 2t.; —

1 old, of human beings, as adjective predicate Genesis 18:11 (J), Job 32:4 (׳ז לְיָמִים מִמֶּנּוּ‎, in comparison), or attributive זָקֵן אָב‎ Genesis 44:20 (J), ז ׳אִישׁ‎ Judges 19:16-17, 20, 22, ז ׳נָבִיא‎ 1 Kings 13:11, 25, 29, ז ׳מֶלֶךְ‎ Ecclesiastes 4:13; probably also ׳ז ימים וּשְׂבַע‎ Genesis 35:29 (P), Job 42:17 and Genesis 25:8 (P) according to ᵐ5‎ Sam Di; compare also Ezra 3:12.

2 usually as substantive:

a. old man (or woman),

b. elder; a. old man Genesis 43:27 (J), Leviticus 19:32 (H), Deuteronomy 28:50; 32:7 ("" אָב‎), 1 Samuel 2:31-32, 28:14; Isaiah 47:6; Job 12:20; 32:9; Proverbs 17:6; 20:29; Psalm 119:100; Joel 1:2; old men and old women Zechariah 8:4 (twice in verse); compare בֵּיתוֺ זְקַן‎ Genesis 24:2 (J), בֵיתוֺ זִקְנֵי‎ 2 Samuel 12:17; especially opposed to נַעַר‎ Exodus 10:9 (E), Isaiah 3:5; 20:4; Jeremiah 51:22; Lamentations 2:21; Psalm 148:12, and in phrase זָקֵן וְעַד מִנַּעַר‎ Genesis 19:4 (J), Joshua 6:21 (JE), Esther 3:13; opposed to ילדים‎ 1 Kings 12:6, 8, 13 2 Chronicles 10:6; 10:8; 10:13; opposed to בַּחוּרִים‎ Jeremiah 31:13; Ezekiel 9:6; Joel 3:1, compare 2 Chronicles 36:17 (+ יָשֵׁשׁ‎) and Jeremiah 6:11 (+ ימים מְלֵא‎); opposed to ימים עוּל‎ Isaiah 65:20; opposed to שׁדים יונקי‎ and עוללים‎ Joel 2:16. b. usually plural elders, as having authority, term techn. (100 t. +); elders of a people, especially Israel Exodus 3:16, 18; 12:21 (all J), 17:5-6, 18:12; 19:7; 24:1, 9, 14; Joshua 24:1 (all E), Numbers 11:16 (twice in verse) (שֹׁטְרָיו‎), 11:24; 11:25; 11:30; 16:25; Joshua 7:6; 8:10; 9:11 (all J E), Deuteronomy 5:20 ("" שִׁבְטֵיכֶם רָאשֵׁי‎), 27:1; 29:9 ("" שֹׁטְרֵיכֶם שׁבטיכם, ראשׁי‎), 31:9, 28; Joshua 8:33 ("" וְשֹׁפְטָיו שֹׁטְרִים‎), 23:2 ("" שֹׁטְרָיו שֹׁפְטָיו, רָאשׁיו,‎); compare also probably 24:31 = Judges 2:7 (all D); Leviticus 9:1, compare הָעֵדָה זִקְנֵי‎ 4:15 ( both P), Judges 21:16; see also 1 Samuel 4:3; 8:4; 15:30; 2 Samuel 3:17; 5:3 = 1 Chronicles 11:3; 2 Samuel 17:4, 15; 1 Kings 8:1, 32Chronicles 5:2, 4, also 1 Chronicles 15:25; 21:16; compare Isaiah 3:2 (וְז וְקֹסֵם וְנָבִיא ׳שׁוֺפֵט מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְאִישׁ גִּבּוֺר‎), 9:14 ("" נְשׂוּאפָֿנִים‎, but see probably gloss, compare Ew Che Di Du and others); elders of one tribe (Judah) 1 Samuel 30:26; 2 Samuel 19:12, so of Gilead Judges 11:5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; after the division of the kingdoms, of Northern Israel הארץ זקני‎ 1 Kings 20:7 compare 20:8, also 2 Kings 6:32 (twice in verse); 10:1 ("" שָׂרִים‎ etc.) compare 10:5; under Josiah יְהוּדָה זקני‎ 23:1 2 Chronicles 34:29; see also ׳ז הארץ‎ Jeremiah 26:17, compare ארץ זקני‎ Proverbs 31:23, compare Lamentations 1:19; 2:10; 4:16; 5:12, 14 ("" שׂרים‎; + שַׁעַר‎); often in Ezek.: Ezekiel 7:26 ("" כהן‎), of Judah 8:1, of Israel 8:11-12, 14:1; 20:1, 3, also 9:6 (but strike out Co). Exilic ׳ז הַגּוֺלָה‎ Jeremiah 29:1 ("" הנביאים הכהנים,‎); post-exile Ezra 10:8 ("" שׂרים‎), possibly also Joel 1:14; elders of ׳י‎ Isaiah 24:23 (compare Exodus 24:1, 9), הַכֹּהֲנִים זִקְנֵי‎ 2 Kings 19:2 = Isaiah 37:2, so Jeremiah 19:1 ("" העם זקני‎); of other peoples, Midian Numbers 22:4, 7, Moab 22:7 (all E), Egypt Psalm 105:22 ("" שׂרים‎); of Gebal Ezekiel 27:9; elders of a city, especially as sitting in the gate to judge Deuteronomy 19:12; 21:2 (+ שֹׁפְטֶיךָ‎) 21:3; 21:4; 21:6; 21:19 (+ שַׁעַרמְֿקֹמוֺ‎), 21:20; 22:15 (+ הַשָּׁ֑עְרָה‎), 22:16; 22:17; 22:18; 25:7 (+ הַשַּׁ֫עֲרָה‎), 25:8; 25:9 (all in Deuteronomic code, and only so therein), Ruth 4:2, 4, 9, 11 (compare שַׁעַר‎ 4:1; 4:11), זְקֵנִים מוֺשַׁב‎ Psalm 107:32 ("" קְהַלעָֿ֑ם‎); Judges 8:14 ("" שׂרים‎), 8:16; 1 Samuel 11:3; 16:4; 1 Kings 21:8, 11; Ezra 10:14.