H8138. shanah

I. [שָׁנָה‎] verb change (Late Hebrew Pi`el, etc.; Ecclus 42:24; etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא‎, Nabataean Ethpa`al Lzb³⁷⁹; Syriac , especially mentally = grow insane; compare (probably) Late Hebrew שָׁנָה‎ year, = Phoenician שת שנת,‎; MI^{2, 8} שת‎; Assyrian šattu (compare Muss-Arn^{JBL xi (1892), 73 n}.); Arabic ; Aramaic שַׁתָּא שְׁנַא,‎, , ; Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene שנן שת, שנת, שנתא,‎ Lzb^379f.; on year from changing seasons, see Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f.} Ba^{ZMG xll (1887), 612, 621, 636} (especially against DHM^{VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452} who proposes biliteral √), compare Thes; a daring suggestion by Jen^{ZA vii (1892), 177}); —

Qal Perfect1singular שָׁנִיתִי לאֹ‎ Malachi 3:6 I am ׳׳י‎, I do not change: Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁנֶא‎ (Ges^{§ 75rr}) Lamentations 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera lectio; Löhr^Now יִשָּׁנֵא‎; gloss on יוּעַס‎ Bu Löhr); Infinitive construct עֶלְיוֺן יְמִין שְׁנוֺת‎ Psalm 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (ᵑ7 ᵑ9 ᵑ6‎ Aq Symm Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du We Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che and others years, usually insert I will remember); Participle שׁוֺנִים‎ Esther 1:7 differing, different, with מִן‎, compare 3:8 (so Ecclus 42:24); Proverbs 24:21 those who change (but dubious, see Toy).

Pi`el transitive, change, alter: Perfect3masculine singular שִׁנָּה‎ Jeremiah 52:33 with accusative garments, = שִׁנָּא‎ (Ges^l.c.) 2 Kings 25:29; Imperfect3masculine singular דִּין יְשַׁנֶּה‎ Proverbs 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֺ‎ 1 Samuel 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן‎ Ges^{§ 75bb}, וַיְשַׁנֶּה‎ We Dr (and references), compare Bu HPS Now), with accusative טַעְמוֺ‎ (see טַעַם‎, and Assyrian šanê ‰êmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ‎ Esther 2:9, i.e. changed her place הַנָּשִׁים בֵּית לְטוֺב‎; 1 singular Psalm 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change ("" בְּרִיתִי אֲחַלֵּל לֹא‎); Infinitive construct אֶתדַּֿרְכֵךְ לְשַׁנּוֺת‎ Jeremiah 2:36 i.e. change thy political course; טַעְמוֺ אֶתֿ בְּשַׁנּוֺתוֺ‎ Psalm 34:1 (title; compare 1 Samuel 21:14 above); Participle פָנָיו מְשַׁנֶּה‎ Job 14:20 altering his face, i.e. in death (subject God).

Pu`al Imperfect3masculine singular יְשֻׁנֶּא מָּנָיו וְעֹז‎ (Ges^{§ 75rr}) Ecclesiastes 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא‎ is hated (on פ ׳עֹז‎ see עֹז‎

4, √עזז‎).

Hithpa`el Perfect2feminine singular consecutive וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית קוּמִי‎ 1 Kings 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself.

III. שָׁנָה‎ verb repeat, do again (Late Hebrew id.; Ecclus 42:1; Arabic bend, fold, double; Aramaic תְּנָא‎ repeat, also teach, ; Assyrian šanû, especially Pi`el repeat, relate, compare Scheil^{ZA v (1890), 409} (Dl thinks denominative); on ׳שׁ‎ as √of שְׁנַיִם‎ two, see Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 77} Ba^{ib. xli (1887), 603}); —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ‎ 2 Samuel 20:10; Imperfect1singular אֶשְׁנֶה‎ 1 Samuel 26:8, etc.; Imperative masculine plural שְׁנוּ‎ 1 Kings 18:34; Participle שֹׁנֶה‎ Proverbs 17:9; 26:11; — do again: שׁ ׳וַיַּכֵּהוּוְ֗֗֗לֹא לוֺ‎ 2 Samuel 20:10, compare 1 Samuel 26:8; absolute 1 Kings 18:34 (twice in verse); Nehemiah 13:21; = speak again Job 29:22 + 40:5 according to many moderns (אשׁנה‎ for אענה ᵑ0‎); ׳שׁ בְּדָבָר‎ Proverbs 17:9 repeat with a thing, keep talking about it (דבר שנות‎ Ecclus 42:1); 26:11 a dullard repeats with (ב‎) his folly, does it over again (learns nothing by experience).

Niph`al Infinitive construct מַּעֲמָ֑יִם אֶלמַּֿרְעֹה הַחֲלוֺם הִשָּׁנוֺת וְעַל‎ Genesis 41:32 (E) concerning the dream's being repeated, etc.