H3782. kashal

כָּשַׁל‎ verb stumble, stagger, totter (Late Hebrew id.; Syriac [] give offence (occasion for stumbling), σκανδαλιζω, (chiefly Ethpe`el Aph`el), see PS Brock Schw; Arabic is be heavy, sluggish); —

Qal Perfect ׳כ‎ Nehemiah 4:4 +, (Hosea 5:5b read יִכָּשֵׁל‎, compare We), כָּֽשְׁלָה‎ Isaiah 3:8; 59:14; כָּֽשְׁלוּ‎ Jeremiah 46:6 +, כָּשַׁלְנוּ‎ Isaiah 59:10, etc.; Imperfect3masculine plural יכשׁ֑ולו‎ Proverbs 4:16 Kt (but read Hiph`il, q. v., so Qr); יכשׁלו‎ Nahum 3:3 Kt (but read Perfect וְכָֽשְׁלוּ‎ so Qr); Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל‎ Isaiah 40:30 (c. Niph`al Imperfect); Participle active כּוֺשֵׁל‎ 5:27 2t., כּשֵׁל‎2 Chronicles 28:15; Paslm 2 Chron 105:37; feminine plural כּשְׁלוֺת‎ Isaiah 35:3; —

1 stumble at, over, something, with ב‎ (literally by means of), Nahum 3:3, כ בְּגִבּוֺר ׳גִּבּוֺר‎ Jeremiah 46:13 (+ נָפַל‎), compare Leviticus 26:37; כ בָּעֵץ ׳וּנְעָרִיס‎ Lamentations 5:13 i.e. stagger (of toil in captivity); absolute Isaiah 5:27 ׅ‎ "" וְנָפָ֑לוּ כָּֽשְׁלוּ (עָיֵף,‎ Jeremiah 46:6, compare וגו אישׁ גַּםנָֿפַל כּוֺשֵׁ֑ל ׳הִרְבָּה‎ 46:16 (strange; Gie following in part וְנָפַל כָּשַׁל עֶרְבְּךָ ᵑ6, ᵐ5‎ thy mixed people — compare 25:20, etc. — hath stumbled and hath fallen); often figurative of overthrow, throughdivine judgment, with בְּ‎ at, (see above) 6:21, so Isaiah 8:15 (+ נָפַל‎ etc.) according to Ges Hi Bhul Che Di; < בָּם‎ = among them, — Israel and Judah, — as ב‎ in 8:16, so Ew De Du EV; Hosea 4:5 (twice in verse); 5:5; 14:2 (בְּ בַּעֲוֺנֶָֽךָ,‎ probably instrumental); absolute of Babylon, under figure of ׳כ ונפל זָדוֺן,‎ Jeremiah 50:32; ׳כ ונפל‎ Paslm 27:2; Isaiah 3:8; 31:3 (both "" נפל‎); of אֱמֶת‎ 59:14; in metaphor of anxiety, distress 59:10, Paslm Isa 107:12.

2 totter, of knees, literal כ ׳בִּרְכַּי מִצּוֺם‎ Paslm Isa 109:24 my knees totter from fasting; figurative Isaiah 35:3 ("" רָפוֺת יָדַיִם‎) כּוֺשֵׁל‎ tottering one, literal Job 4:4; 2 Chronicles 28:15; Paslm 2 Chron 105:37; hence figurative, fail, of strength (כֹּחַ‎) Nehemiah 4:4; Paslm Neh 31:11; — Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל‎, see below Niph`al

Niph`al Perfect consecutive וְנִכְשַׁל‎ Daniel 11:9, וְנִכְשְׁלוּ‎ 11:33, וְנִכְשָׁ֑לוּ‎ 11:14; Imperfect יִכָּשֵׁל‎ Ezekiel 33:12 + Hosea 5:5b (ᵐ5‎. as v^a, so We; כָּשַׁל ᵑ0‎), 2 masculine singular תִּכָּשֵׁל‎ Proverbs 4:12, בִּכָּֽשְׁלוּ‎ 24:17 (yet see Ges^{§ 51}, R. 1), בְּהִכָּֽשְׁלָם‎ Daniel 11:34; Participle נִכְשָׁל‎ Zechariah 12:8; plural נִכְשָׁלִים‎ 1 Samuel 2:4; —

1 stumble (= Qal) Nahum 2:6; Isaiah 63:13; Jeremiah 31:9; usually figurative:

a. of misfortune Proverbs 24:17 ("" נפל‎), negative 4:12.

b. of divine judgement (with בְּ‎ at) Proverbs 4:19; 24:16, negative Ezekiel 33:12; see also Hosea 14:10 (בְ‎ location), Jeremiah 20:11; Daniel 11:14, 35, מִמָּנֶיךָ וְיאֹבְדוּ יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ‎ Psalm 9:4; especially = be overthrown, of nations, armies, etc., Hosea 5:5 (with בַּעֲוֺנָם‎, compare 14:2

Qal), Jeremiah 6:15 "" נפל‎, compare 8:12 ("" id.), Daniel 11:19 ( + נפל‎), 11:33 (בְ‎ instrumental), 11:34; 11:41.

2 be tottering, feeble, יִכָּשֵׁ֑לוּ כָּשׁוֺל‎ Isaiah 40:30 (opposed to כֹחַ יַחֲלִיפוּ‎ 40:31); so participle 1 Samuel 2:4; Zechariah 12:8.

Pi`el only apparent, תְּכַשְּׁלִי‎ Ezekiel 36:14, read תְּשַׁכְּלִי‎ with Qr Vrss EV Sm Co Da (see also

Hiph`il near the end).

Hiph`il Perfect הִכְשִׁיל‎ Lamentations 1:14 הִכְשַׁלְתֶּם‎ Malachi 2:8; Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יַכְשִׁילְךָ‎2 Chronicles 25:8; 2 feminine singular תַּכְשִׁלִי‎ Ezekiel 36:15 (but strike out ᵐ5‎ Co; read תשׁכלי‎, as 36:14 other Vrss Sm Da); 3 masculine plural יַכְשִׁילוּ‎ Proverbs 4:16 Qr (Kt see below

Qal), וַיַּכְשִׁילֻהוּ‎ Paslm Prov 64:9, וַיַּכְשִׁלוּם‎ Jeremiah 18:15 (so ᵑ7‎; Gie, after ᵐ5‎. וַיִּכְשְׁלוּ ᵑ6,‎, [< וַיִּכָּֽשִׁלוּ‎]); Infinitive construct הַכְשִׁיל‎2 Chronicles 25:8, sf הַכְשִׁילוֺ‎28:23; —

1 cause to stumble, figurative:

a. = bring injury or ruin to, abs Proverbs 4:16; of punishment Psalm 64:9 (indefinite subject; si vera lectio; text probably corrupt, see Che Bae).

b. = overthrow, of nation, army, etc., 2 Chronicles 25:8 (followed by אוֺיֵב לִפְנֵי‎) compare 25:8 (opposed to עזר‎); cause overthrow28:23. — On Ezekiel 36:15 see above

c. morally, Jeremiah 18:15 (בְּ‎ local), Malachi 2:8 (בְּ‎ instrumental).

2 make feeble, weak, כֹּחִי הִכְשִׁיל‎ Lamentations 1:14 (of God's dealing with Jerusalem)

Hoph`al only Participle לְפָנֶיךָ מֻכְשָׁלִים והיו‎ Jeremiah 18:23 either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such (Hi Gf VB), or and let them be ones overthrown before thee (Gie; so Qr according to Gf). So also in Ezekiel 21:20 according to Co, compare Sm Da (מִכְשֹׁלִים ᵑ0‎, see מִכְשׁוֺל‎).