H5358. naqam

[נָקַם‎] verb avenge, take vengeance (Ecclus 46:1e אויב נקמי להנקם‎ (Niph`al + accusative of congnate meaning with verb); נקם‎, noun also Ecclesiastes 12:6 (compare Deuteronomy 32:41), Ecclesiasticus 39:30; Ecclesiasticus 48:7; Late Hebrew נָקַם‎ especially in derivatives; Aramaic נְקַם‎ (rare), in derived species; Arabic take vengeance ( upon), Lane³⁰³⁷; compare Ethiopic Di⁴⁵⁸ vindictae studium, ultionis cupido; Assyrian i‡‡imu, vengeance, requital, is possibly from √ אקם‎ Jäger^{BAS ii. 279}); —

Qal Perfect3masculine singular suffix נְקָמֵ֫נִי‎ 1 Samuel 24:13; Imperfect יִקּוֺם‎ Deuteronomy 32:43; יִקֹּם‎ Joshua 10:13; 2masculine singular תִּקֹּם‎ Leviticus 19:18; Infinitive absolute נָקֹם‎ Exodus 21:20; construct נְקֹם‎ Ezekiel 24:8; 25:12; Imperative נְקֹם‎ Numbers 31:2; Participle נִקֵם‎ Nahum 1:2-3t.; feminine נֹקֶ֫מֶת‎ Leviticus 26:25; —

1 avenge, take vengeance:

a. God subject יִקּוֺם עֲבָדָיו דַּם‎ Deuteronomy 32:43 the blood of his servants he avengeth (against those who slew them) (+ 1 Kings 2:5 ᵐ5‎^L Klo); ׳נ‎ absolute Nahum 1:2 (twice in verse) with לְ‎ (against Nineveh) 1:2; ׳נ נָקָם‎ (against Jerusalem) Ezekiel 24:8; עַלעֲֿלִילוֺהָם‎ on their doings (his people's) Psalm 99:8; ׳נ בְּרִית נְקַם‎ Leviticus 26:25 (H) the vengeance of the covenant (against those who break it); נְקָמַנִי‎1 Samuel 24:13, with מִן‎ of person from whom vengeance is taken (compare Jeremiah 20:10).

b. Israel and its leaders against their enemies, ׳נ נקמה‎ with מִן‎ against whom Numbers 31:2 (P); with accusative אֹיְבָיו יִקֹּם‎ Joshua 10:13 (poem).

c. Edom against Judah ׳נ לְ נקם‎ Ezekiel 25:12.

d. in administration of justice against murder Exodus 21:20 (E).

2 entertain revengeful feelings (opposed to אהב‎) against neighbour forbidden Leviticus 19:18 (H).

Niph`al Perfect1singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי‎ Judges 15:7; 1 Samuel 14:24; 3masculine plural נִקְּמוּ‎ Ezekiel 25:12; imperfect יִנָּקֵם‎ Exodus 21:20; 1singular אִנָָּֽקְמָה‎ Judges 16:28; Isaiah 1:24; 3masculine plural יִנָָּֽקְמוּ‎ Ezekiel 25:15; Infinitive הִנָּקֵם‎ Jeremiah 46:10 2t.; Imperative הִנָּ֫קֶם‎ 15:15; plural הִנָָּֽקְמוּ‎ 50:15: —

1 avenge oneself,

a. ׳י‎ subject with מִן‎ of adversary Isaiah 1:24; Jeremiah 46:10; with מִן‎ advers., לְ‎ for whom 15:15; with בְּ‎ adversary 50:15.

b. of Israel and champions with מִן‎ Judges 16:28; 1 Samuel 14:24; Esther 8:13; with בְּ‎ Judges 15:7; 1 Samuel 18:25.

c. of enemies against Israel ׳נ נקם‎ Ezekiel 25:15; with בְּ‎ 25:12.

2 suffer vengeance (of law against murder) Exodus 21:20 (E).

Piel Perfect1singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי‎ 2 Kings 9:7; Jeremiah 51:36; — avenge, ׳י‎ subject מיד דָּמִים‎ 2 Kings 9:7 blood at hands of; ׳נ נִקְמָתֵךָ‎ Jeremiah 51:36 take vengeance for thee.

Hoph`al Imperfect יֻקַּם‎ Genesis 4:24; Exodus 21:21, יֻקָּ֑ם‎ Genesis 4:15 be avenged, vengeance be taken (for blood).

Hithpa`el Imperfect תִּתְנַקֵּם‎ Jeremiah 5:9, 29; 9:8; Participle מִתְנַקֵּם‎ Psalm 8:3; 44:17; avenge oneself, ׳י‎ subject בְּ ׳נַפְשִׁי תִתְנַקֵּם לֹא‎ Jeremiah 5:9, 29; 9:8; of Israel's enemies וּמִתְנַקֵּם אוֺיֵב‎ Psalm 8:3; 44:17.